The most common external force is another character. Speeches are another place where prose is used to convey ideas, prose essay definition. Climax has been defined in a number of ways: the point of greatest conflict, the emotional high point, the turning point in the plot, or the point at which prose essay definition of the opposing forces gains the advantage. PLOT The term short story is a relatively recent one. Although journal is sometimes used as a synonym for "magazine", in academic use, a journal refers to a serious, scholarly publication that is peer-reviewed. Locating theme Just focus first on elements of each story as you read, prose essay definition. As such, the short story is defined relative to other prose forms in various traditions and styles, with the precise length of each story determined by each author's artistic intent or the requirements of the plot or depiction.
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While there are critical debates on the construction of prose, its simplicity and loosely defined structure has led to its adoption for the majority of spoken dialogue, factual discourse as well as topical and fictional writing. It is commonly used, for example, in literature, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias, broadcasting, film, history, philosophylaw and many other forms of communication. Prose is a form prose essay definition writing that does not fall into any particular formal structure and types of prose can include drama, articles, novels, short stories, letters, history, philosophy and biographies. Prose is a term applied to any kind of discourse that is not poetry.
This term usually, but not always, refers to written rather than spoken language. As the format of prose essay definition communication, the term prose can apply to anything from a business letter to a page novel. It may be easier to define prose by examining how it differs from poetry: the distinctions between the two are most evident in the structure. Prose does not have a rhythmical construction prose essay definition most poetry, nor does it utilize the specific line breaks associated with verse. It does not require the use of rhyming words at the end of lines, and it is does not employ the brevity and economical use of words prose essay definition which poetry is often known.
There are some elements of poetry, however, that prose does utilize. These elements include the use of metaphor, the comparison of two unlike objects, and alliteration — the use of similar sounds at the beginning of words. Order custom essay The Definition of Prose with free plagiarism report. Prose can also employ imagery, a term for the use of specific prose essay definition that help to create the concrete visual world in prose essay definition mind's eye. Imagery is like a painting made out of words. From the Latin words prosa oratio, which mean "direct speech," prose is the dominant form in literature. It the accepted mode of writing for novels, short stories, plays and folk tales.
This form is also used on the Internet and in everyday business communication B. TYPES OF PROSE There are seven types of prose which is prose essay definition speech or writing, not poetry. Short Story. Short Stories are a kind of prose that normally comprises of less than 10, to 20, words but can be limited to as less as words. This form of prose has been around for thousands of years and probably the oldest example is an Prose essay definition short story entitled "The Two Brothers", from around B. A short story is a work of fiction, prose essay definition, usually written in narrative prose. Prose essay definition depicting few characters and concentrating a 'single effect' or mood, it differs from the anecdote in its use of plot, and the variety of literary techniques it shares with prose essay definition more extensive novel.
Although the short story is expressly defined by its length, the precise length of stories that can be considered 'short' varies between critics and writers, especially when taking account of the diversity of the form across genres. As such, the short story is defined relative to other prose forms in various traditions and styles, prose essay definition, with the precise length of each story determined by each author's artistic intent or the requirements of the plot or depiction. Like the novel, prose essay definition short story tradition has been defined and shaped through the markets available for publication, and thus, the form can be practically traced through the submission guidelines of publishing houses, print and online media that have solicited them.
The short story has been considered both an apprenticeship form preceding more lengthy works, and a crafted form in its own right, collected together in books of similar length, prose essay definition, price and distribution as novels. Thus, short story writers may define their works as part prose essay definition the artistic and personal expression of the form. They may also attempt to resist categorization by genre and fixed form, finding such approaches limiting and counter-intuitive to artistic form and reasoning. Factual Prose This is generally used for the writing of novels and short stories. Although examples of this kind of prose has existed throughout history, they did not actually develop into a systematic form until a few centuries ago.
Letters are a form of prose that are a written or printed communication addressed to prose essay definition person or organization which are usually transmitted by mail. Novels Novels are a long story written in prose which gives a lot more freedom to the writer to experiment with lots of different literacy forms in one novel. Diaries Diaries are a record of daily events, appointments, observations, prose essay definition, etc. Or a book for keeping such a record and can be used in a personal sense or by a business. Three other kinds of prose are testimonies, journals and the personal essay which are less commonly used. Some published oral or written autobiographical narratives are considered "testimonial literature" particularly prose essay definition they present evidence or first person accounts of human rights abuses, violence and war, and living under conditions of social oppression.
This usage of the term comes originally from Latin America and the Spanish term "testimonio" when it emerged from human rights tribunals, truth commissions, and other international human rights instruments in countries such as Chile and Argentina. One of the most famous, though controversial, of these works to be translated into English is I, Rigoberta Menchu. The prose essay definition of Frederick Douglass can be considered among the earliest significant English-language works in this genre. Although journal is sometimes used as a synonym for "magazine", in academic use, a journal refers to a serious, scholarly publication that is peer-reviewed.
A non-scholarly magazine written for an educated audience about an industry or an area of professional activity is usually called a professional magazine. The personal essay is also one of the most popular forms of creative nonfiction. A personal essay can be based on a personal experience that results in a lesson that you learn. A personal essay can also be a personal opinion about a topic or issue that is important to you, prose essay definition. This article defines the personal essay. It can also be based on a milestone or life-altering event. The writer tells the story by including dialogue, imagery, characterization, conflict, plot, and setting.
The writer describes the personal experience using the scene-building technique, weaves a theme throughout the narrative, and makes an important point. There must be a lesson or meaning. The writer cannot just write an interesting story. The incident or experience must have occurred. The writer must use fact and truth. In this type of personal essay, the writer can states the problem, provide solutions, and then write a conclusion—which must state an important point. Whatever the writer discusses, the topic is of interest to the writer.
Sometimes the writer ponders a question. Other times the writer explores a topic from his own perspective. The writer must not lecture, sermonize, or moralize. In Writing Life Stories, author Bill Roorbach provides an excellent definition of the personal essay, one that is based on a personal opinion. The personal essay examines a subject outside of yourself, but through the lens of self. It can be purely subjective. But you must express your own personal feelings, thoughts, and opinions on a topic or issue in a logical manner. The subject you choose must have provided you with significant personal meaning or a lesson that you have learned.
But, keep in mind, you are not just reflecting or remembering, you are going to make a point, prose essay definition, some universal truth that your readers can appreciate. Otherwise, your story is just a story. THE ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORY 1. PLOT The term short story is a relatively recent one. For example, Nathaniel Hawthorne collection of stories was titled Twice Told Tales. Today, the term tale suggests a simple narrative, told in chronological order. In the past, a short work was sometimes called a sketch, prose essay definition.
Today, sketch implies the narration of only single brief scene. CAUSALITY A plot is a series of actions, often presented in chronological order, but the ingredient a plot has that a story lacks is causality. In a narrative with a plot, there is little that happens without a cause. Traditionally, plots grow out of a conflict- an internal or an external struggle between the main character and an opposing force. When a story includes internal conflict, the main character is in conflict with himself or herself. In contrast, an external conflict can occur between the central character and either another character, society, or natural source, prose essay definition, including fate.
The most common external force is another character. Exposition establishes the setting, the major characters and some minor ones, the situation, and any necessary background information about what happened before the story began. The initiating incident is the event that changes the situation established in the exposition and sets the conflict in motion. The rising action, various episodes occur that develop complicate, prose essay definition. In the rising action, prose essay definition, various episodes occur that develop, complicate, or intensify the conflict.
Climax has been defined in a number of ways: the point of greatest conflict, the emotional high point, the turning point in the plot, or the point at which one of the opposing forces gains the advantage. The events that follow the climax are known as the falling action. The falling action leads into the resolution or denouement of the story. The term resolution sometimes refers to all the events that follow the climax, including the denouement. SETTING In the days of King Alfred there lived a poor woman, whose cottage was in a remote country village, many miles from London. Setting is so important that some readers base their literary likes and dislikes largely on the environment in a work-the future, early Rome, the English countryside, prose essay definition, Los Angeles in the thirties, Detroit today, prose essay definition, Cairo yesterday.
Setting usually functions as more than a backdrop for a story, however, prose essay definition. CHARACTER As a literary term, a character is a person created from a work or fiction. Often, they are people the author knows or people the author has observed or overheard. Round and Flat Character Round character is three dimensional character complexes enough to be able to surprise the reader without losing credibility. Prose essay definition contrast, a flat character is one whom Forster deems incapable of surprising the reader. Major and Minor Characters The term protagonist refers to the main or central character in fiction, prose essay definition.
Prose essay definition is an ancient Greek word for the central character of a drama. Like protagonist, many antagonists will also be round characters, though it is possible for an antagonist to be flat character. Together, the protagonists and antagonists comprise the major characters. Characters other than major characters are classified as minor characters. A stereotyped character represents a category of people. The word stereotype comes from printing and refers to a metal mold used to mass produce duplicates of printing type.
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This article defines the personal essay. It can also be based on a milestone or life-altering event. The writer tells the story by including dialogue, imagery, characterization, conflict, plot, and setting. The writer describes the personal experience using the scene-building technique, weaves a theme throughout the narrative, and makes an important point. There must be a lesson or meaning. The writer cannot just write an interesting story. The incident or experience must have occurred. The writer must use fact and truth. In this type of personal essay, the writer can states the problem, provide solutions, and then write a conclusion—which must state an important point. Whatever the writer discusses, the topic is of interest to the writer. Sometimes the writer ponders a question.
Other times the writer explores a topic from his own perspective. The writer must not lecture, sermonize, or moralize. In Writing Life Stories, author Bill Roorbach provides an excellent definition of the personal essay, one that is based on a personal opinion. The personal essay examines a subject outside of yourself, but through the lens of self. It can be purely subjective. But you must express your own personal feelings, thoughts, and opinions on a topic or issue in a logical manner. The subject you choose must have provided you with significant personal meaning or a lesson that you have learned. But, keep in mind, you are not just reflecting or remembering, you are going to make a point, some universal truth that your readers can appreciate.
Otherwise, your story is just a story. THE ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORY 1. PLOT The term short story is a relatively recent one. For example, Nathaniel Hawthorne collection of stories was titled Twice Told Tales. Today, the term tale suggests a simple narrative, told in chronological order. In the past, a short work was sometimes called a sketch. Today, sketch implies the narration of only single brief scene. CAUSALITY A plot is a series of actions, often presented in chronological order, but the ingredient a plot has that a story lacks is causality. In a narrative with a plot, there is little that happens without a cause.
Traditionally, plots grow out of a conflict- an internal or an external struggle between the main character and an opposing force. When a story includes internal conflict, the main character is in conflict with himself or herself. In contrast, an external conflict can occur between the central character and either another character, society, or natural source, including fate. The most common external force is another character. Exposition establishes the setting, the major characters and some minor ones, the situation, and any necessary background information about what happened before the story began. The initiating incident is the event that changes the situation established in the exposition and sets the conflict in motion.
The rising action, various episodes occur that develop complicate. In the rising action, various episodes occur that develop, complicate, or intensify the conflict. Climax has been defined in a number of ways: the point of greatest conflict, the emotional high point, the turning point in the plot, or the point at which one of the opposing forces gains the advantage. The events that follow the climax are known as the falling action. The falling action leads into the resolution or denouement of the story.
The term resolution sometimes refers to all the events that follow the climax, including the denouement. SETTING In the days of King Alfred there lived a poor woman, whose cottage was in a remote country village, many miles from London. Setting is so important that some readers base their literary likes and dislikes largely on the environment in a work-the future, early Rome, the English countryside, Los Angeles in the thirties, Detroit today, Cairo yesterday. Setting usually functions as more than a backdrop for a story, however. CHARACTER As a literary term, a character is a person created from a work or fiction.
Often, they are people the author knows or people the author has observed or overheard. Round and Flat Character Round character is three dimensional character complexes enough to be able to surprise the reader without losing credibility. In contrast, a flat character is one whom Forster deems incapable of surprising the reader. Major and Minor Characters The term protagonist refers to the main or central character in fiction. Protagonist is an ancient Greek word for the central character of a drama. Like protagonist, many antagonists will also be round characters, though it is possible for an antagonist to be flat character.
Together, the protagonists and antagonists comprise the major characters. Characters other than major characters are classified as minor characters. A stereotyped character represents a category of people. The word stereotype comes from printing and refers to a metal mold used to mass produce duplicates of printing type. A final character category of character might be termed the piece of furniture character. Active and Static Characters Another way to classifying characters is to label them as active or dynamic or static. An active character is one who changes because of what happens in the plot. Static characters, however, remain unchanged; their character is the same at the end of the story as at the beginning.
POINT OF VIEW AND TONE Point of view is the vantage point from which an author tells a story. There are two main points of view : first person I and third person he, she , they , but there are variations within these point of view. Instead, the author creates a persona or mask through which he or she tells the story. Third Person. In contrast, limited omniscient point of view focuses on the thoughts of a single character. One type of limited omniscience is the objective point of view, in which the author makes no commentary but records only those details that can be seen and heard, rather as a newspaper reporter does. Long works of fiction are often told from several points of view, but short stories are commonly presented from a single point of view.
Tone in writing is somewhat like tone of voice in speech. Tone is achieved through descriptive details of setting and character, through dialogue, and through the narrator, direct comment and author tone is necessarily the same throughout a work, although in a short story, the same tone is usually maintained throughout. Tone and Mood The terms tone and mood are sometimes confused. Atmosphere may be mysterious, horror-filled, or serene. While both the tone and the mood of a story maybe the same both may be sad, for example , it is usually common to distinguished between these to terms.
Also, the mood of a story is not necessarily the same throughout. The climax may bring about a change from despair to triumph, or from anxiety to relief or from any mood another. Determining Tone. One way of determining the tone of the story his to decide what effect the story has on you. For example, if the author seems sympathetic or hostile to a character, you likely will be to. If the authors tone seems aloof, you may fill a corresponding aloofness. If the author tone is lightly satirical, the effect is likely to be amusement or a sense that the author satire is well aimed.
If you examine carefully these two quotations expressing theme, you should deduce two important clues to the nature of a theme statement: first, it is presented in a complete sentence, and second, its contents is debatable. Particularity and Universality Particullary refers to the uniqueness or singularity of a work of fiction. Universality, on the other hand, refers to the relevance or applicability of a fictional work to large groups of people across time and place. The roots of theme c. Locating theme Just focus first on elements of each story as you read. Examine those elements closely, rereading as needed.
Formulating a theme statement 1. Expressing theme as multiple statements. Avoiding excessive theme statement. It is a product of both the character of the writer as an individual and the choices that he or she makes concerning diction , imagery, syntax and variety, and organizational structure. Imagery and symbol In literature, imagery extends to all the senses-sight, taste, smell, touch, and hearing. Imagery is also associated with figures of speech such as metaphor, personification, simile and others. A symbol is anything that signifies or stands for something else. In literature, symbol is anything concrete-an object, a place, a character, an action-that stands for suggest something abstract. Syntax or sentence structure is the pattern or arrangement of individual words and phrases.
Organizational structure The organizational structure of most fiction is chronological: stories typically begin with exposition that established the setting, the chief characters, and the situation, including the conflict. POPULAR SECTION a. Westerns The western story is a unique genre because the American frontier was a unique setting. Detective and mystery A fiction that involves the unraveling of some puzzle or secret or crime is called a mystery. Prose more closely mimics normal patterns of speech. Prose uses normal grammatical structures.
Elements of prose writing include regular grammar and paragraph structures that organize ideas, forgoing more stylistic and aesthetic forms of writing found in poetry and lyrics. Prose can include normal dialogue, speeches, novels, news reports, etc. Prose is distinguished from poetry which uses line breaks and has meter that tends to defy normal grammar rules. There is no longer much emphasis on the oral tradition of storytelling, to which verse was very well suited. Since print came to be commonplace, storytellers tend to rely on prose to tell their stories because of the freedom it allows. Nonfiction is a work of writing that is based on fact. Examples of nonfiction include memoirs, essays, instructions, biographies, etc.
Fiction is a genre of writing that is imagined or untrue. Novels use prose in order to tell stories. Subgenres of fiction can include fantasy, historical fiction, science fiction, etc. Heroic prose uses the hero archetype in order to tell stories of bravery and travel in which good triumphs over evil. These stories are meant to be recited orally. Heroic prose may use tricks such as rhyme and a slight rhythmic structure in order to enhance the effects of being read out loud but are not the same as the ancient hero tales which were written in strict poetic verse. Prose poetry uses certain poetic qualities in order to add a lyrical or aesthetic value to the writing.
However, it stops short of any regular or strict metered form. This style of writing creates bolder emotional effects and often relies on metaphors and imagery in order to create similar reactions in readers that poetry would, while still maintaining the prose style. Prose provides a loose structure for writers which offers freedom and creativity in expression. With prose, a writer can be as imaginative and creative as they want—or they can write very dryly in order to convey a specific point. With prose, the sky is the limit. Ultimately, prose is an efficient way to write and convey ideas.
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